Cybersecurity & Compliance

Best Password Managers in 2026

Twelve password managers for personal use compared on security evidence, free plans, platforms and published prices, checked November 2026.

A password manager is software that stores login credentials in an encrypted vault, generates unique passwords for each account and fills them into websites and apps. Most current products also store passkeys, the phishing-resistant sign-in credentials based on public-key cryptography, along with payment cards, notes and one-time codes.

This list compares twelve password managers aimed at individuals and families: ten dedicated products and the managers built into Apple and Google platforms. It covers free and paid tiers, where vaults are stored, published security attestations and prices as listed on each vendor's own pricing page in November 2026. Business plans are covered in a separate list of password managers for business.

Contents
  1. What is a password manager
  2. History and market
  3. Key features to compare
  4. Pricing models
  5. How to choose
  6. Methodology
  7. The list
  8. Comparison table
  9. Alternatives by use case
  10. Recent developments
  11. Frequently asked questions
  12. See also

What is a password manager

A password manager keeps credentials in a vault that is encrypted on the user's device before it is synchronised, so that the provider holds only ciphertext. The vault is unlocked by a master password, a biometric check or a device key. 1Password adds a second secret, a 128-bit Secret Key stored on the user's devices, so that the master password alone cannot be attacked from stolen server data. KeePassXC goes further and keeps the vault in a local file without any server.

Password managers differ from single sign-on and identity platforms, which let employees log in once to many company applications; those are covered under MFA solutions and identity management. They also differ from authenticator apps, which generate one-time codes but do not store passwords, although several managers in this list now include an authenticator. Browser-built managers such as Google Password Manager and Apple Passwords are a subset of the category with fewer features but no separate cost.

History and market

Commercial password managers became common in the 2000s. 1Password dates from 2005 and LastPass from 2008. LastPass was bought by LogMeIn, later GoTo, in 2015 for $110 million and became independent again in 2024. Open-source alternatives gained ground over the following decade: Bitwarden was founded in 2016 and now reports more than 15 million users, and KeePassXC continues the offline KeePass format as a community project.

Two developments reshaped the market in the 2020s. The first was LastPass's 2022 security incidents, in which encrypted customer vault backups were copied; they pushed many users to review their choice of provider. The second was the arrival of free managers built into operating systems: Google's in Chrome and Android, and Apple's standalone Passwords app with iOS 18 and macOS Sequoia. Privacy-focused companies also entered: Proton, founded in 2014, launched Proton Pass, and Nord Security, best known for NordVPN, launched NordPass in 2019.

Key features to compare

Encryption model

All products here encrypt vaults on the device. Differences lie in key derivation and in whether the provider stores the vault at all. 1Password's Secret Key, Enpass's use of the user's own cloud storage and KeePassXC's local file are three different ways to reduce the value of the provider as a target.

Free plan limits

Free tiers vary widely. Bitwarden, Proton Pass and Zoho Vault allow unlimited devices, RoboForm limits the free plan to one device, LastPass to one device type and Enpass to 25 items; 1Password, Keeper and Dashlane list no free personal plan.

Platform coverage

1Password lists apps for macOS, iOS, watchOS, Windows, Android and Linux. Apple Passwords is designed around Apple devices and Google Password Manager around Chrome and Android. KeePassXC is desktop-only.

Passkey support

Passkeys replace passwords with device-bound key pairs. Bitwarden, Proton Pass, 1Password and Apple Passwords all list passkey storage, which matters as more websites adopt them.

Sharing and family plans

Family plans range from five users at 1Password, Keeper and RoboForm to six at Bitwarden, Proton Pass, Enpass and LastPass, and ten at Dashlane.

Breach monitoring and extras

Proton Pass Plus includes dark web monitoring and email aliases; Keeper sells BreachWatch as an add-on; Google Password Manager includes Password Checkup at no cost.

Independent security evidence

Published attestations include Bitwarden's ISO 27001 and SOC 2 reports, 1Password's SOC 2 Type 2 report and bug bounty, and KeePassXC's ANSSI certification.

Pricing models

Consumer password managers are sold as annual subscriptions quoted as a monthly equivalent. Published individual prices range from Bitwarden Premium at $19.80 a year to 1Password Individual at a regular $3.99 a month. Family plans range from Bitwarden at $47.88 a year to 1Password Families at a regular $5.99 a month.

Several vendors advertise a lower first-year price that rises at renewal. Proton Pass Plus costs $23.88 in the first year and $35.88 thereafter; 1Password offers new customers 25% off for 12 months; RoboForm quotes a first-year discount and separate renewal prices. Keeper sells breach monitoring and extra storage as add-ons. Built-in managers from Apple and Google, and KeePassXC, carry no charge.

How to choose

Lowest cost across devices: Bitwarden's free plan or Proton Pass Free cover unlimited devices. Polished paid apps: 1Password and Dashlane focus on design and autofill quality, with 1Password covering Linux and watchOS. Privacy: Proton Pass adds email aliases and is majority-owned by a non-profit foundation; Enpass and KeePassXC keep the vault out of the vendor's hands.

Families: Keeper's Family plan includes 10 GB of file storage, Dashlane's covers ten people and Bitwarden's is the cheapest for six. Single-ecosystem households: Apple Passwords and Google Password Manager are adequate for people who stay within one platform. Form-heavy work: RoboForm remains strongest at filling long web forms.

Methodology

Products were included if they are actively maintained, sold or distributed to individuals in November 2026 and publish their features and plans on an official page that could be opened for this list. Ordering is editorial and based on four criteria weighted in this order: published independent security evidence (certifications, audits, open source code), the usefulness of the free tier, platform coverage, and whether prices are published transparently. Security incidents disclosed by the vendor count against a product.

Prices are reproduced in US dollars as shown on each vendor's site; where a page loaded prices dynamically and did not show them, they are omitted rather than estimated. NordPass was considered but excluded because its website blocked access during verification, so its current plans and prices could not be checked. No user ratings, review-site scores or hands-on testing were used.

The list

1

Bitwarden

Best for: Free or low-cost use across unlimited devices

Bitwarden is an open-source password manager developed by Bitwarden, Inc., which was founded in 2016 and is headquartered in Santa Barbara, California. The company says it serves more than 80,000 businesses and over 15 million users in more than 180 countries. Its client and server code is published openly, which allows independent inspection of how vaults are encrypted and synchronised.

The free plan is the most generous among the commercial products in this list: it has no limit on devices or stored passwords, supports passkeys, and includes Bitwarden Send for sharing text and files, plus sharing with one other user. The paid Premium tier adds an integrated authenticator for one-time codes, 5 GB of file attachments, emergency access and vault health reports. Bitwarden states that it holds ISO 27001 certification, SOC 2 and SOC 3 reports and undergoes annual third-party HIPAA audits.

The interface is more utilitarian than that of 1Password or Dashlane, and some features that rivals include by default, such as the authenticator, sit behind the paid tier. For households, the Families plan covers six premium accounts and unlimited shared collections.

Key features

  • Unlimited passwords and devices on the free plan
  • Open-source clients and server
  • Bitwarden Send for encrypted text and file sharing
  • Passkey storage and sign-in
  • Integrated TOTP authenticator (Premium)
  • Emergency access and vault health reports (Premium)
  • Self-hosting option for organisations

Pricing

Free: $0, unlimited devices and passwords, sharing with one other user. Premium: $1.65 per month, billed annually at $19.80. Families: $3.99 per month for up to six users, billed annually at $47.88. Prices are in US dollars and exclude taxes.

Security and compliance

ISO 27001 certification, SOC 2 and SOC 3 reports (SOC 2 on request), and HIPAA compliance with annual third-party audits.

Founded
2016
Headquarters
Santa Barbara, California, US
Free plan
Yes
Premium price
US$19.80 per year
Open source
Yes

Strengths

  • Free plan without device or password limits
  • Lowest published paid price among the major vendors
  • Open-source code available for inspection
  • ISO 27001 and SOC 2 attestations published

Limitations

  • Authenticator and file attachments require Premium
  • Free sharing limited to one other user
  • Interface is plainer than 1Password or Dashlane
2

1Password

Best for: Individuals and families who want a polished paid app

1Password is a subscription password manager made by the company of the same name, which was founded in 2005 and publishes a business address in Toronto, Canada. Accounts are protected by two secrets: the account password, which the company says it never stores, and a 128-bit Secret Key generated on the user's device, so that a stolen copy of the server data would not be enough to attack a vault by guessing passwords alone. Authentication uses the Secure Remote Password protocol.

The company states that it is SOC 2 Type 2 certified and runs what it describes as the largest bug bounty in the industry. Apps are available for macOS, iOS, watchOS, Windows, Android and Linux, with browser extensions for Chrome, Safari, Edge, Firefox and Brave. Its Watchtower feature alerts users to weak or reused passwords and breached websites, and the company says its apps are independently audited by third parties.

1Password has no free plan; new users receive a 14-day trial and then pay for an Individual or Families subscription. By 2026 the company had widened its product line beyond passwords into device trust, SaaS management and credentials for AI agents, which are sold to businesses.

Key features

  • Secret Key plus account password for vault encryption
  • Watchtower alerts for weak, reused and breached passwords
  • Apps for macOS, iOS, watchOS, Windows, Android and Linux
  • Passkey storage
  • Families plan with shared and private vaults
  • SSH and developer tools

Pricing

Individual: regular price $3.99 per month billed yearly; a promotional price of $2.99 per month applies to new customers for the first 12 months. Families (5 users): regular price $5.99 per month billed yearly, promotional $4.49. Both include a 14-day free trial with no credit card required. No free plan.

Security and compliance

SOC 2 Type 2 report published; public bug bounty programme; Secret Key and Secure Remote Password authentication.

Founded
2005
Headquarters
Toronto, Canada
Free plan
No (14-day trial)
Individual price
US$3.99/month billed yearly (regular)

Strengths

  • Two-secret key derivation limits the value of stolen server data
  • Broad platform coverage including Linux and watchOS
  • SOC 2 Type 2 report and public bug bounty
  • Families plan keeps private vaults separate

Limitations

  • No free plan
  • Regular prices are higher than Bitwarden, Proton Pass or Enpass
  • Closed-source clients
3

Proton Pass

Best for: Privacy-focused users who want email aliases built in

Proton Pass is the password manager of Proton AG, the Swiss company behind Proton Mail and Proton VPN. Proton was started in 2014 by scientists who had met at CERN, after a crowdfunding campaign in which more than 10,000 people donated over $500,000. Proton AG's primary shareholder is the non-profit Proton Foundation in Geneva, and the company states that it has no venture capital investors.

Its distinguishing feature is built-in email aliasing: users can generate hide-my-email addresses when signing up for a service, so the real address is not shared. The free plan already includes unlimited logins, notes and cards, unlimited devices, two vaults and ten aliases. Pass Plus adds unlimited aliases, a built-in two-factor authenticator, dark web monitoring, file attachments, a command-line tool and emergency access.

Proton advertises introductory prices for the first year that renew at higher rates, which makes the second-year cost noticeably higher than the headline figure. Pass can also be bought as part of Proton Unlimited, which bundles Mail, Calendar, VPN and Drive.

Key features

  • Hide-my-email aliases (10 free, unlimited on Plus)
  • Unlimited logins and devices on the free plan
  • Built-in TOTP authenticator (Plus)
  • Dark web monitoring (Plus)
  • Custom domains for aliases
  • Command-line interface

Pricing

Free: $0, 1 GB storage, two vaults, ten aliases. Pass Plus: $23.88 for the first 12 months, then $35.88 a year. Pass Family (6 users): $33.48 for the first 12 months, then $59.88 a year. Proton Unlimited: $77.88 for the first 12 months, then $119.88 a year. A 30-day money-back guarantee applies to Plus and Unlimited.

Ownership and history

Operated by Proton AG, Switzerland; majority shareholder the non-profit Proton Foundation; founded 2014 with crowdfunding rather than venture capital.

Developer
Proton AG
Headquarters
Geneva, Switzerland
Company founded
2014
Free plan
Yes
Plus renewal price
US$35.88 per year

Strengths

  • Email aliases integrated with the vault
  • Generous free plan
  • Non-profit foundation as majority owner
  • Bundles with other Proton services

Limitations

  • Renewal prices are up to 79% above first-year prices
  • Free plan limited to two vaults
  • Smaller feature set for form filling than RoboForm
4

Dashlane

Best for: Large households that need up to ten members

Dashlane is a password manager that now presents itself mainly as a credential security platform for businesses, built around what it calls the Omnix platform, which combines password management with credential risk detection. Its consumer range is narrower than it once was: the personal page lists only two plans, Premium for individuals and Family for up to ten people, both billed annually and both available with a 14-day free trial.

Dashlane's materials emphasise protecting both passwords and passkeys and detecting credential risks such as phishing in the browser. The Family plan's ten-person limit is higher than the five or six users offered by most rivals.

The personal pricing page did not display numerical prices when it was checked for this list, so prices are not reproduced here. Unlike Bitwarden, Proton Pass or RoboForm, Dashlane does not list a free personal plan on its current consumer page.

Key features

  • Premium plan for individuals
  • Family plan for up to ten people
  • Password and passkey protection
  • Omnix credential security platform (business)
  • 14-day free trial

Pricing

Premium and Family: per-month price billed annually; the amounts were not displayed on the page when checked. 14-day free trial. No free plan is listed on the personal page.

Personal plans
Premium, Family (up to 10)
Free plan
Not listed
Trial
14 days

Strengths

  • Family plan covers up to ten people
  • Product development focused on credential risk detection
  • 14-day trial for both personal plans

Limitations

  • No free personal plan listed
  • Prices not shown without interaction on the pricing page
  • Company focus has shifted toward business customers
5

Keeper

Best for: Families wanting shared folders and file storage

Keeper is developed by Keeper Security, whose global headquarters is in Chicago, Illinois, with product development in El Dorado Hills, California, EMEA sales in Cork, Ireland, and an office in Tokyo. Its investors include Insight Partners and Summit Partners. The company sells both consumer plans and a wider business range that includes privileged access management under the KeeperPAM name.

The individual plan, called Keeper Unlimited, includes unlimited password storage, devices and secure sharing, identity and payment storage, biometric login, emergency access and round-the-clock support. The Family plan covers five users with unlimited shared folders and 10 GB of encrypted file storage, and family members cannot see one another's private vaults.

Two features are sold separately: BreachWatch dark web monitoring and additional secure file storage. This modular approach means that the headline subscription is not the full cost for users who want breach monitoring. Keeper offers a 30-day free trial and student and military or medical discounts.

Key features

  • Unlimited passwords, devices and sharing
  • Family plan for five users with 10 GB storage
  • Biometric login with fingerprint and Face ID
  • Emergency access
  • BreachWatch dark web monitoring (add-on)
  • 24/7 support

Pricing

Personal (Keeper Unlimited) and Family (5 users): monthly rate billed annually; amounts were not displayed in the page source when checked. 30-day free trial. Add-ons: BreachWatch and Secure File Storage. Student and military/medical discounts are offered.

Headquarters
Chicago, Illinois, US
Investors
Insight Partners, Summit Partners
Trial
30 days
Family plan
5 users, 10 GB storage

Strengths

  • 30-day trial, longer than most rivals
  • Family plan includes 10 GB of file storage
  • 24/7 support on personal plans

Limitations

  • Breach monitoring is a paid add-on
  • No free plan listed
  • Prices not displayed in the static pricing page
6

RoboForm

Best for: Users who fill many web forms

RoboForm is made by Siber Systems, Inc., whose copyright notices on the RoboForm site date from 1999, making it one of the longest-running consumer password managers. It has a particular reputation for filling long web forms as well as login fields. Its free plan stores unlimited passwords but works on a single device, which suits someone using one computer but not someone who needs phone and desktop sync.

Premium removes the device limit and adds features such as emergency access and 24/7 email support. RoboForm supports advanced two-factor authentication on the account itself, with email, SMS, authenticator apps, passkeys and trusted devices as options. The Family plan covers up to five Premium accounts.

RoboForm's published renewal prices are among the lowest for a paid product, and new customers are offered a further first-year discount. A 30-day money-back guarantee applies to paid plans. Its interface reflects its age in places, and it is less widely used than Bitwarden or 1Password.

Key features

  • Form filling for identities and payment details
  • Unlimited passwords on the free plan (one device)
  • Two-factor login via email, SMS, app or passkey
  • Emergency access (Premium)
  • Family plan for up to five accounts

Pricing

Free: $0, unlimited passwords on a single device. Premium: $2.49 per month billed annually, renewing at $29.88 a year, with a first-year discount for new users. Family (up to 5 accounts): $3.98 per month billed annually, renewing at $47.75 a year. 30-day money-back guarantee.

Developer
Siber Systems
Free plan
Yes (single device)
Premium renewal
US$29.88 per year
Family plan
Up to 5 accounts

Strengths

  • Strong form filling
  • Low published renewal prices
  • Multiple two-factor options for the account

Limitations

  • Free plan limited to one device
  • Interface less modern than newer rivals
  • Family plan capped at five accounts
7

Enpass

Best for: Users who want vaults kept in their own cloud storage

Enpass differs from most commercial password managers in where data lives: rather than keeping vaults on the vendor's servers, every plan stores the encrypted vault in a cloud account the user already controls, such as iCloud, Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox or Box. This removes the vendor as a central target, at the cost of making the user responsible for that storage account's security.

The free plan is limited to 25 items in a single vault, which is enough to try the product but not for most people's full set of accounts. Premium removes the limits and the Family plan extends Premium to up to six people with family management.

Enpass also sells a business edition that keeps data in a company's Microsoft 365 or Google Workspace storage. Its features cover the standard set of autofill, a password generator, passkeys and a security dashboard. It has a smaller user base than the market leaders and less published third-party security documentation.

Key features

  • Vault stored in iCloud, Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox or Box
  • Passkey support
  • Security dashboard for weak and reused passwords
  • Password generator
  • Family plan for six people

Pricing

Free: up to 25 items in one vault. Premium: $1.99 per month billed annually. Family (up to 6 people): $3.99 per month billed annually. Multi-year discounts are offered.

Storage model
User's own cloud account
Free plan
Yes (25 items)
Premium price
US$1.99/month billed annually

Strengths

  • Vendor does not hold the vault
  • Low Premium price
  • Family plan covers six people

Limitations

  • Free plan limited to 25 items
  • User must secure the storage account themselves
  • Less published audit documentation than larger rivals
8

Zoho Vault

Best for: Individuals wanting a full-featured free plan

Zoho Vault is the password manager of Zoho Corporation, the business software company, and is sold mainly to organisations, but it also offers a free personal plan. The free plan includes unlimited passwords, passkeys and storage on unlimited devices, a password and passphrase generator, a security dashboard, data backup, offline access, mobile apps, desktop apps for Mac and Windows, and browser extensions for Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari, Vivaldi, Brave and Zoho's own Ulaa browser.

Vault can be unlocked without typing a master password through Zoho OneAuth, Windows Hello, Touch ID, a passkey or a YubiKey, and the free plan includes a built-in two-factor authenticator and audit trails. It also integrates with other Zoho applications such as Mail, Desk and Projects.

The personal offering has no family plan: paid tiers (Standard, Professional and Enterprise) are designed for teams, add sharing and administration, and require a minimum of five users on the higher tiers. For an individual, Zoho Vault is therefore a free product with an unusually complete feature list, but without the household sharing structure of Bitwarden or 1Password.

Key features

  • Unlimited passwords, passkeys and devices on the free plan
  • Passwordless unlock with OneAuth, Windows Hello, Touch ID or YubiKey
  • Built-in two-factor authenticator
  • Offline access and data backup
  • Extensions for seven browsers including Brave and Vivaldi
  • Desktop apps for Mac and Windows

Pricing

Free: $0 for personal use with unlimited passwords and devices. Paid Standard, Professional and Enterprise plans are per user for teams, with a 15-day free trial; Professional and Enterprise require at least five users. Amounts were loaded dynamically and not shown in the page source when checked.

Developer
Zoho Corporation
Free plan
Yes, unlimited devices
Trial (paid tiers)
15 days

Strengths

  • Free plan includes authenticator and offline access
  • Several passwordless unlock options
  • Wide browser coverage

Limitations

  • No family plan
  • Paid tiers aimed at businesses
  • Less known as a consumer product
9

KeePassXC

Best for: Technical users who want a fully offline vault

KeePassXC is a community-developed, open-source password manager released under the GPLv3 licence and maintained by the KeePassXC Team. It stores usernames, passwords, URLs, attachments and notes in an offline encrypted database file that the user can keep anywhere, including on a private or public cloud drive. The project describes its approach as having no cloud, no advertising and no subscriptions.

KeePassXC runs on Windows, macOS and Linux and is aimed at users with high demands for control over their data. Version 2.7.9 received a First-level Security Certification (CSPN) from the French National Cybersecurity Agency, ANSSI, which is unusual for a volunteer project. Version 2.8.0 was released in October 2026.

KeePassXC has no official mobile app; phone access relies on separate KeePass-compatible apps maintained by other developers, and syncing the database file between devices is left to the user. It also has no account recovery: losing the master password means losing the database.

Key features

  • Offline encrypted database file
  • GPLv3 open-source licence
  • Windows, macOS and Linux desktop apps
  • Browser integration for autofill
  • Attachments and notes storage
  • ANSSI CSPN certification (v2.7.9)

Pricing

Free; no subscriptions. The project accepts donations.

Licence
GPLv3
Platforms
Windows, macOS, Linux
Price
Free
Certification
ANSSI CSPN (v2.7.9)

Strengths

  • Free with no account or subscription
  • Data never held by a service provider
  • Government security certification

Limitations

  • No official mobile app
  • Syncing between devices must be arranged manually
  • No account recovery if the master password is lost
10

Apple Passwords

Best for: Households that use only Apple devices

Apple Passwords is the dedicated password manager app Apple introduced with iOS 18, iPadOS 18, macOS Sequoia and visionOS 2, giving a standalone interface to credentials previously managed in system settings. It stores account passwords, passkeys, Wi-Fi passwords and verification codes in one place and synchronises them across devices with iCloud Keychain.

The app can generate strong passwords, alert users to passwords that may not be secure, and share credentials with friends and family through shared groups. Because it is included with Apple's operating systems, there is no separate subscription.

Its main limitation is ecosystem reach. Apple's support documentation describes the app on Apple devices; people who also use Android phones or non-Apple computers have fewer options for reaching the same vault than with a cross-platform product such as Bitwarden or 1Password. Apple's documentation does not describe features found in dedicated products, such as file attachments or emergency access for a named contact.

Key features

  • Passwords, passkeys, Wi-Fi passwords and verification codes
  • iCloud Keychain sync across Apple devices
  • Shared credential groups for family and friends
  • Weak and compromised password alerts
  • Built-in password generator

Pricing

Included with iOS 18, iPadOS 18, macOS Sequoia, visionOS 2 and later; no separate charge.

Developer
Apple
Introduced
iOS 18 / macOS Sequoia
Price
Included with the operating system

Strengths

  • No extra cost for Apple users
  • Built-in verification code generator
  • Shared groups for families

Limitations

  • Designed around Apple devices
  • No documented file attachments or emergency-contact access
  • Fewer export and admin options than dedicated managers
11

Google Password Manager

Best for: Chrome and Android users who want no extra app

Google Password Manager is built into the Chrome browser on all platforms and into every Android app, and saves credentials to the user's Google Account. For many people it is the password manager they already use without having chosen one, because Chrome and Android offer to save passwords by default.

Its Password Checkup feature identifies weak, reused and compromised passwords and helps the user change at-risk accounts, and Google says it alerts users when a saved password is found in a data breach. Users can add on-device encryption so that only they can read their saved passwords.

The product is free and well integrated, but it is tied to a Google Account and to Chrome or Android for autofill. It lacks the secure notes depth, organisation features, family vault structure and emergency access of dedicated products, and users of other browsers such as Safari or Firefox get less benefit from it.

Key features

  • Built into Chrome on all platforms and Android apps
  • Password Checkup for weak, reused and breached passwords
  • Optional on-device encryption
  • Breach alerts for saved passwords
  • Sign-in on any device through Chrome

Pricing

Free with a Google Account.

Developer
Google
Price
Free
Integration
Chrome, Android

Strengths

  • No setup for existing Chrome and Android users
  • Free breach checking
  • Optional on-device encryption

Limitations

  • Tied to Google Account and Chrome
  • Few organisation or sharing features
  • Limited benefit for Safari or Firefox users
12

LastPass

Best for: Existing users already invested in its ecosystem

LastPass was founded in 2008 and is headquartered in Boston. It was acquired by LogMeIn, later renamed GoTo, in 2015 for $110 million, and formally separated from GoTo in 2024. The company says more than 100,000 organisations and millions of people use it.

In 2022 LastPass disclosed two linked security incidents. In August an attacker accessed parts of its development environment through a compromised developer account; in December the company reported that information from that incident had been used to access cloud storage and copy a backup of customer vault data. Website URLs in the stolen vaults were unencrypted, while usernames, passwords, notes and form data were encrypted with 256-bit AES and require each user's master password to decrypt. This history is the main reason it is ranked last here.

The free plan is limited to one device type. Premium, Families (six accounts) and a Plus tier bundling a VPN are billed annually, with 30-day trials for Premium and Families.

Key features

  • Free plan limited to one device type
  • Dark web monitoring
  • Families plan for six accounts
  • Plus tier with LastPass VPN (Windows only)
  • Basic password sharing on the free plan

Pricing

Free: one device type, unlimited password storage. Premium, Families (6 accounts) and Plus (with VPN for up to 10 Windows devices): monthly rate billed annually; amounts were not shown in the static page. 30-day free trial for Premium and Families.

Ownership and history

Founded 2008; acquired by LogMeIn (now GoTo) in 2015 for $110 million; separated from GoTo in 2024. Security incidents disclosed August and December 2022.

Founded
2008
Headquarters
Boston, Massachusetts, US
Free plan
Yes (one device type)
Trial
30 days

Strengths

  • Familiar interface for long-time users
  • Free tier still available
  • Dark web monitoring included

Limitations

  • 2022 breach exposed encrypted vault backups and unencrypted URLs
  • Free plan restricted to one device type
  • VPN in Plus tier works on Windows only

Comparison table

ProductFree planIndividual paid priceFamily planOpen sourceVault locationTrial
BitwardenYes, unlimited devices$19.80/yr6 users, $47.88/yrYesVendor cloud or self-hostedFamilies trial
1PasswordNo$3.99/mo billed yearly5 users, $5.99/moNoVendor cloud14 days
Proton PassYes, unlimited devices$35.88/yr (renewal)6 users, $59.88/yr (renewal)Yes (apps)Vendor cloud30-day refund
DashlaneNot listedNot displayed10 usersNoVendor cloud14 days
KeeperNot listedNot displayed5 usersNoVendor cloud30 days
RoboFormYes, one device$29.88/yr (renewal)5 users, $47.75/yrNoVendor cloud30-day refund
Enpass25 items$1.99/mo billed annually6 users, $3.99/moNoUser's own cloudFree tier
Zoho VaultYes, unlimited devicesFree (paid tiers for teams)NoneNoVendor cloud15 days (paid)
KeePassXCFree softwareFreen/aYes (GPLv3)Local filen/a
Apple PasswordsIncludedIncludedShared groupsNoiCloud Keychainn/a
Google Password ManagerIncludedFreen/aNoGoogle Accountn/a
LastPassOne device typeNot displayed6 usersNoVendor cloud30 days

Alternatives by use case

  • Business teams: admin consoles, SSO and provisioning are covered in the list of password managers for business.
  • Phishing-resistant sign-in: hardware security keys and authenticator apps are covered in the list of MFA solutions.
  • Encrypted file storage: users needing more than a few gigabytes of attachments may prefer cloud backup services alongside a password manager.
  • Network privacy: LastPass Plus and Proton Unlimited bundle VPN services; dedicated products appear in the business VPN list.

Recent developments

  • October 2026: KeePassXC released version 2.8.0.
  • 2026: 1Password's site promotes 1Password for Agents, a product for giving AI agents access to services without exposing passwords, alongside its Unified Access platform for businesses.
  • 2024: LastPass formally separated from GoTo.
  • 2024: Apple's Passwords app shipped with iOS 18, iPadOS 18, macOS Sequoia and visionOS 2.
  • Ongoing: Proton Pass, 1Password and RoboForm advertise first-year discounts with higher renewal prices.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best free password manager?

Among commercial products, Bitwarden and Proton Pass have the least restrictive free plans: both allow unlimited devices and unlimited logins. Bitwarden's free plan allows sharing with one other user, while Proton Pass Free includes ten email aliases. KeePassXC is entirely free and open source but works offline on desktop computers only, and built-in managers from Apple and Google cost nothing within their own ecosystems.

Are password managers safe to use?

Reputable password managers encrypt the vault on the user's device, so the provider stores only encrypted data. The LastPass incidents of 2022 showed that stolen vault backups remain protected only as well as each user's master password, and that unencrypted metadata such as website URLs can leak. Choosing a long master password and turning on two-factor authentication for the vault reduce the risk.

Is Apple Passwords or Google Password Manager good enough?

For people who use only Apple devices, or only Chrome and Android, the built-in managers cover saving, generating and autofilling passwords and passkeys, with breach alerts. They are weaker for mixed households, lack file attachments and emergency access, and tie the vault to an Apple ID or Google Account. Dedicated products such as Bitwarden or 1Password work across all major platforms.

How much does a password manager cost?

Individual plans in this list range from $19.80 a year for Bitwarden Premium to a regular $3.99 a month for 1Password. Family plans range from $47.88 a year for Bitwarden Families to a regular $5.99 a month for 1Password Families. Several vendors charge less in the first year than at renewal, notably Proton Pass and RoboForm.

Which password manager is open source?

Bitwarden describes itself as open source, and KeePassXC is released under the GPLv3 licence; Proton also lists open source among its principles. Open source allows independent researchers to check how encryption is implemented, but it does not by itself guarantee security; certifications and audits, such as Bitwarden's ISO 27001 or KeePassXC's ANSSI certification, add further evidence.

Do password managers support passkeys?

Yes. Bitwarden, Proton Pass, 1Password and Apple Passwords all store passkeys, and Dashlane describes protecting passkeys as well as passwords. Storing passkeys in a cross-platform manager lets them be used on devices from different makers, whereas passkeys saved only to a platform keychain stay within that platform's ecosystem.

What happens if I forget my master password?

Because vaults are encrypted with a key derived from the master password, providers generally cannot recover the data. Some offer recovery routes: Bitwarden Premium and Keeper include emergency access for a trusted contact, while 1Password's design means both the account password and the Secret Key are needed. KeePassXC has no recovery mechanism, so a lost master password means the database cannot be opened.

See also

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